Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-6 (of 6 Records) |
Query Trace: Liu EW[original query] |
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Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by an Unknown Leishmania Strain, Arizona, USA
de Almeida M , Zheng Y , Nascimento FS , Bishop H , Cama VA , Batra D , Unoarumhi Y , Afghan AK , Shi VY , LeBoit PE , Liu EW , Donovan FM . Emerg Infect Dis 2021 27 (6) 1714-1717 We investigated an autochthonous case of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by a genetically different Leishmania sp. in a patient in Arizona, USA. This parasite was classified into the subgenus Leishmania on the basis of multilocus DNA sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the rRNA locus and 11 reference genes. |
Investigation of dracunculiasis transmission among humans, Chad, 2013-2017
Liu EW , Sircar AD , Matchanga K , Mahamat AM , Ngarhor N , Ouakou PT , Zirimwabagabo H , Ruiz-Tiben E , Sankara D , Wiegand R , Roy SL . Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020 104 (2) 724-730 Dracunculiasis, slated for global eradication, typically is acquired by drinking stagnant water containing microscopic crustaceans (copepods) infected with Dracunculus medinensis larvae, causing clusters of case persons with worms emerging from the skin. Following a 10-year absence of reported cases, 9-17 sporadic human cases with few epidemiologic links have been reported annually in Chad since 2010; dog infections have also been reported since 2012. We conducted an investigation of human cases in Chad to identify risk factors. We conducted a case-control study using a standardized questionnaire to assess water and aquatic animal consumption, and links to dog infections. Case persons had laboratory-confirmed D. medinensis during 2013-2017. Each case person was matched to one to three controls without history of disease by age, gender, and residency in the village where the case person was likely infected. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) using simple conditional logistic regression. We enrolled 25 case persons with 63 matched controls. Dracunculiasis was associated with consumption of untreated water from hand-dug wells (OR: 13.4; 95% CI: 1.7-108.6), but neither with consumption of aquatic animals nor presence of infected dogs in villages. Unsafe water consumption remains associated with dracunculiasis. Education of populations about consuming safe water and using copepod filters to strain unsafe water should continue and expand, as should efforts to develop and maintain safe drinking water sources. Nevertheless, the peculiar epidemiology in Chad remains incompletely explained. Future studies of dogs might identify other risk factors. |
Concurrent seroprevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara species in the United States, 2011- 2014
Liu EW , Elder S , Rivera H , Kruszon-Moran D , Handali S , Jones JL . Clin Infect Dis 2018 68 (4) 712-713 We report supplemental findings incorporating Toxoplasma gondii serology results from our study of risk factors for Toxocara seropositivity in the United States [1] using stored serum samples collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011–2014. Whereas T. gondii is a protozoan parasite and Toxocara is an intestinal nematode, both share ingestion of contaminated soil as means of exposure in humans. Both parasites can contaminate soil when environmentally resistant T. gondii oocysts or Toxocara cati eggs are shed in the feces of infected cats [2, 3]. |
Rat lungworm infection associated with central nervous system disease - eight U.S. States, January 2011-January 2017
Liu EW , Schwartz BS , Hysmith ND , DeVincenzo JP , Larson DT , Maves RC , Palazzi DL , Meyer C , Custodio HT , Braza MM , Al Hammoud R , Rao S , Qvarnstrom Y , Yabsley MJ , Bradbury RS , Montgomery SP . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018 67 (30) 825-828 Angiostrongyliasis is caused by infection and migration to the brain of larvae of the parasitic nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis, or rat lungworm. Adult A. cantonensis reside in the lungs of the definitive wild rodent host, where they produce larvae passed in feces, which are then ingested by snails and slugs (gastropods). Human infection typically occurs when gastropods containing mature larvae are inadvertently ingested by humans. Although human infection often is asymptomatic or involves transient mild symptoms, larval migration to the brain can lead to eosinophilic meningitis, focal neurologic deficits, coma, and death. The majority of cases of human angiostrongyliasis occur in Asia and the Pacific Islands, including Hawaii, but autochthonous and imported cases have been reported in the continental United States (1,2), underscoring the importance of provider recognition to ensure prompt identification and treatment. The epidemiologic and clinical features of 12 angiostrongyliasis cases in the continental United States were analyzed. These cases were identified through A. cantonensis polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing (3) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) submitted to CDC from within the continental United States. Six cases were likely a result of autochthonous transmission in the southern United States. All 12 patients had CSF pleocytosis and eosinophilia, consistent with eosinophilic meningitis. Health care providers need to be aware of the possibility of angiostrongyliasis in patients with eosinophilic meningitis, especially in residents in the southern United States or persons who have traveled outside the continental United States and have a history of ingestion of gastropods or contaminated raw vegetables. |
Survey of obstetrician-gynecologists in the United States about trichomoniasis, 2016
Liu EW , Workowski KA , Taouk L , Schulkin J , Secor WE , Jones JL . Sex Transm Dis 2018 46 (1) 9-17 PURPOSE: Trichomoniasis is the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infection in the United States. It can present with vaginitis in women and urethritis in men, but is most often asymptomatic or occurs with minimal symptoms. It is associated with other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), adverse pregnancy outcomes and pelvic inflammatory disease. For these reasons, healthcare provider awareness of trichomoniasis is of public health importance. METHODS: To assess practitioner knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning trichomoniasis management, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) conducted an online survey in 2016 of its members, and we analyzed results from 230 respondents. RESULTS: We note discrepancies between practice and recommendations amongst surveyed providers: a minority of respondents routinely screen HIV positive patients for trichomoniasis (10.7% "most of the time" 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.7-15.8, 33.0% "always" 95% CI: 26.5%-40.0%), treat trichomoniasis in HIV positive patients with the recommended dose of metronidazole 500 mg twice a day for 7 days (25.8% 95% CI: 20.0%-32.3%), or retest patients diagnosed with trichomoniasis 3 months after treatment (9.6% 95% CI: 6.1%-14.3R). Only 29.0% (95% CI: 23.0%-35.5%) retreat with metronidazole 500 mg twice a day for 7 days in patients who have failed prior treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Screening for and treatment of trichomoniasis in HIV positive patients, as well as retesting and retreatment for trichomoniasis in the general population appear to be suboptimal. Continuing education for providers is needed for this common but "neglected" STI. |
Seroprevalence of antibodies to Toxocara species in the United States and associated risk factors, 2011- 2014
Liu EW , Chastain HM , Shin SH , Wiegand R , Kruszon-Moran D , Handali S , Jones JL . Clin Infect Dis 2017 66 (2) 206-212 Background: Toxocariasis results from infection with larval stages of a dog and cat intestinal nematode and causes human morbidity. The current US estimate of Toxocara exposure is 13.9% (NHANES III 1988-1994). Methods: We used a multiplex bead based assay (Tc-CTL-1MBA) with purified Toxocara canis antigen to estimate Toxocara antibody seroprevalence in serum of 13,509 persons six years and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011-2014 and identified seropositivity risk factors. We tested a subset of 500 samples with the previously used T. canis enzyme immunoassay to estimate seroprevalence had prior samples been tested by Tc-CTL-1MBA. Results: The age standardized estimate of Toxocara seroprevalence was 5.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.2%-5.8%), lower than previously reported even adjusting for increased Tc-CTL-1MBA specificity. Risk factors for seropositivity from multiple logistic regression were older age (odds ratio [OR], 2.1; 95%CI, 1.1-3.9 in persons 50-59 years old; OR, 1.7; 95%CI, 1.0-2.8 in persons 60-69; and OR, 2.6; 95%CI, 1.5-4.7 in persons ≥70 versus persons 6-11), non-Hispanic Black race/Hispanic origin (OR, 1.4; 95%CI, 1.0-2.0) versus non-Hispanic White, male sex (OR, 1.9; 95%CI, 1.6-2.2), living below poverty level (OR, 1.9; 95%CI, 1.4-2.6), households with ≥0.5 persons per room (OR, 1.3; 95%CI, 1.0-1.6), less than college education (OR, 1.9; 95%CI, 1.5-2.4), and birth outside the United States (OR, 3.6; 95%CI, 2.6-5.1). Conclusions: Toxocara seroprevalence estimates in 2011-14 were lower than in a study from NHANES III, 1988-94, but seropositivity risk factors remained the same and should continue to be the focus of prevention efforts. |
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